Your results
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How to use this calculator
Start with your filing status — single, married filing jointly, or head of household. Then enter your taxable income, which is your total income minus deductions. If you take the 2025 standard deduction, that means $15,000 for single filers, $30,000 for married couples filing jointly, and $22,500 for heads of household. For example, a single filer earning $75,000 with no itemized deductions has taxable income of $60,000.
Reading the results
Total federal tax is the sum of tax owed across every bracket. Effective rate is that total divided by taxable income — the average rate you actually pay. Marginal rate is the rate applied to your last dollar, which is what matters when you are weighing an extra dollar of income against the tax it triggers. The monthly equivalent simply divides your annual tax by 12, useful for comparing against paycheck withholding.
Why marginal and effective rates differ
The U.S. system is progressive: income is taxed in layers, and only the portion that falls in a higher bracket is taxed at that higher rate. A single filer in the 22% bracket does not pay 22% on everything — only on the dollars above the bracket floor. The bracket table above shows exactly how much of your income lands in each layer.
Looking for related tools? See the capital gains calculator or the state tax quick reference. For a salary-level view of the same rules, use the take-home pay calculator.